基于DEA的农业机械上市公司经营绩效分析

运用数据包络分析法的C2R模型对2003～2005年农机上市公司的综合效率进行分析、对比、研究,发现我国农业机械上市公司平均效率较低,且公司间效率值差距显著;不同年份之间,部分公司效率值波动较大;效率值与各子行业经营方向有关,零部件制造企业的经营效率明显优于整装设备制造企业。     

甘肃省相对资源承载力的动态变化与区域差异研究

采用相对资源承载力的方法,分析了甘肃省及各地区2001-2008年相对自然资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力及其变化过程。结果表明：甘肃省的承载状态自2003年以后处于富余状态,自然资源成为甘肃省主要承载资源;甘肃省超载最严重的是临夏,其次是陇南,然后依次是天水、甘南、定西、武威。省会兰州、嘉峪关、金昌、白银、...     

银杏枝条营养贮藏蛋白质的免疫细胞化学鉴定

依据银杏枝条中32和36 ku蛋白质含量的明显季节变化,推测它们是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质.采用间接免疫组织细胞化学定位技术,对这2种蛋白质进行细胞化学定位.32和36 ku蛋白质具有一定的免疫相关性,它们分布在一些皮层薄壁细胞和韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞中,存在于这些细胞的小液泡里.研究结果揭示这2种蛋白质的组织分布式样,为这2种蛋白质是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质提供有力证据.     

不同激素对油茶关键生长过程的调节机制初步研究

对不同生长阶段的长林53品系油茶,采用L27(313)正交试验设计,分别喷施不同浓度的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)和芸苔素内酯(BRs),研究植物激素对油茶生长的影响。结果表明:①IAA是影响产量和叶片相对叶绿素含量的关键因子,GA是影响叶片钾含量的关键因子,IAA与GA交互作用是影响籽出仁率和仁出油率的关键因子,影响花提前开放的关键因子是GA和CTK互作,IAA、GA和CTK互作是影响干物质积累的关键因子,IAA和BRs是影响叶片磷的关键因子,CTK和BRs互作是影响叶片含氮关键因子;②在5月和10月喷施10 mg/L IAA、10 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,长林53号油茶最早开花;5月和9月喷施10 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、0.1 mg/L CTK和0.001mg/L BRs,叶片SPAD值最高;5月和9月喷施0.1 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,有最高的干物质积累;5月和10月喷施1 mg/L IAA、1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.0...     

黑麦草种间竞争与草地数量化管理指数的关系

对我国中亚热带中高山地区人工草地主要建植类型黑麦草Lolium perenne群落的主要植物种进行不同管理压力和干扰条件下的种间竞争研究.采用封闭型环境因子梯度试验设计,运用de Wit的RCC模型评价牧草之间的竞争力,同时应用草地管理指数对各管理因子进行数量标准化,并分析牧草种间竞争与管理指数的关系.研究表明:数量化管理指数是对草地管理因子标准化研究的有效方法,其中刈割次数、施肥和灌溉为草地管理的主导因子;黑麦草与其他种的竞争特征表现出黑麦草的竞争能力明显弱于白三叶Trifolium repens,但强于绣线菊Spiraea japonica var. nepalensis,芒Miscanthus sinensis ,白茅Imperata cylindrical和地榆Sanguisorba o f ficinlis ,而黑麦草与鸭茅Dactylis gomerata之间的竞争相对平衡;黑麦草与其他种的竞争强度随管理指数的提高而增强,其中黑麦草-白三叶的竞争指数随管理指数的变化明显呈"∩型"趋势,而黑麦草与绣线菊、芒、白茅、地榆、鸭茅的种间竞争指数随管理指数变化呈明显的正相关"线型"变化趋势.     

围栏内海南坡鹿饲草相对可采食资源量测定

在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内用样方法测定海南坡鹿Cervus eldi Hainan经常采食的18种草本和18种灌木类饲草的相对可采食资源量.研究表明,坡鹿对植物部位有较强的选择性采食,对草本植物只采食植株上部约1/2段;对灌木只采食主枝条上部约2/5段上的青绿叶片和小枝梢上端约3 cm处.按干物质计算,草本类饲草的生物量为0.74 kg/m2,灌木类饲草的生物量为0.22 kg/m2.无论草本还是灌木类,饲草的相对可采食资源量相差很大,最小为1.16%,最大为16.68%.各种饲草相对可采食资源量的差异性与坡鹿在围栏内对饲草的选择性采食有关.     

低浓度Na2CO3胁迫下星星草幼苗保护酶活性与活性氧之间的关系

对低浓度(0.2%)Na2CO3胁迫和无胁迫正常生长的星星草幼苗的相对电导率、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量、H2O2含量和产生O2-·速率的研究结果表明,星星草幼苗各保护酶、活性氧及相对电导率之间存在一定的变化关系,这种变化关系在0.2% Na2CO3胁迫和无胁迫正常生长的星星草幼苗间存在差异.在一定程度上揭示了抗盐碱植物在正常生长情况下与碱胁迫下的活性氧(H2O2和O2-·)代谢可能存在不同的调节机制.     

Microwave l-band (1730 MHz) accurately estimates the relative water content in poplar leaves. A comparison with a near infrared water index (R1300/R1450)

In this study the estimation of reflectivity at 1730 MHz (l-band), measured with a microwave digital cordless telephony (DCT) patch antenna, is presented as an easy-to-handle and non-destructive new method to assess the relative water content (RWC) of poplar leaves and filter discs at different levels of dehydration. The accuracy of this new method has been contrasted with the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index, determined by a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The close correlations found between RWC and the reflectivity at a frequency of 1730 MHz, both for filters and leaves, indicate that microwave determinations are rather independent of the physical properties of the material analysed. On the contrary, the differences found between poplar leaves and leaf filters in the relationships established between RWC and the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index demonstrate a strong influence of the properties of the material in NIR reflectance measurements, specifically as they relate to changes in leaf thickness during dehydration. It should be noted that the amount of energy received by the leaf for the microwave technique (0.1 mW) was much lower than that received for the measuring of the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index (2.5 W). Moreover, R-square coefficients were higher for microwaves than for the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index. The use of a technologically simple, low cost and portable device, based on a microwave DCT patch antenna, could yield a solid support for the development of a commercial apparatus enabling the determination of plant water status under field conditions.     

相对SPAD值用于不同品种夏玉米氮肥管理的研究

采用田间试验研究了不同氮肥处理、不同玉米品种及关键生育期间的SPAD值差异和基于相对SPAD阈值的氮肥管理对氮肥用量、子粒产量、氮肥利用率和土壤氮素变化的影响。结果表明,两品种玉米各关键生育期的SPAD值开始随施氮量的增加而显著增加,施氮量超过N 210 kg /hm2后不再显著增加;郑单958和冀农一号大喇叭口期的相对SPAD值与产量的关系符合线性加平台模型,其平台相对SPAD值分别为0.976和0.981;两玉米品种和不同生育期间的绝对SPAD值差异显著,利用相对SPAD值可消除品种和生育期间的SPAD值差异。玉米关键生育期追肥量和总施氮量均随预设相对SPAD阈值的增加而增加,基于相对SPAD阈值的氮肥管理能在保持高产的同时较农民习惯施肥显著降低氮肥用量、田间氮素表观损失和收获后土壤无机氮残留、提高氮肥利用率;本试验条件下,保持玉米高产高效的适宜相对SPAD阈值为0.95～0.98,此阈值管理下,郑单958和冀农一号的产量较农民习惯施肥没有降低,而氮肥用量降低了42%,氮肥回收利用率和农学效率分别增加了18.6、20.0个百分点和6.0、6.5 kg/kg。     

The agronomic benefit of phosphate rock application with elemental sulfur depends on the reactivity and fertilizer placement

Abstract

A possible way to improve phosphate rock (PR) agronomic performance is through the addition of elemental sulfur (S⁰). We used ³²P isotope dilution method to assess the P taken up by crops treated with PR. Two experiments, one with common bean and other with upland rice, were carried out, to evaluate the effect of S⁰ on the agronomic performance of two contrasting PR, applied in different methods. Gafsa (GPR) and Patos de Minas (PPR) were used as the high and low reactivity PR, respectively. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized design on factorial structure 2?×?2 × 2?+?2; which means 2 PR (GPR and PPR) versus 2?S⁰ condition (with or without-S⁰) versus 2 application methods (band and broadcast) plus 2 additional treatments (control and triple superphosphate). In band application the S⁰ increased the amount of P uptake by plants from fertilizer of GPR from 2.57 to 9.86?mg pot^?1 for common bean and of 2.26 to 7.05?mg pot^?1 to rice. Regardless the management adopted, less than 2% of P applied as PPR has been taken up by crops. The addition of S⁰ as a strategy to increase the agronomic performance of PR is PR characteristics dependent and fertilizers placement.